International Differences Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Differences - Term Paper Example This means that without a careful coordinated operation especially in airports it will not be possible to achieve key objectives of the industry. Safety issue being a major concern of various stakeholders the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and its key industry partners had to come together at the initial Global Runway Safety Symposium (GRSS). The main agenda of this strategic meeting was to put in place measures that would ensure that the runway related accidents are put to a halt. At least four hundred and twenty participants from various member states as well as other from the different international aviation organizations were in attendance at the event. A number of recommendations were made with respect runway safety. Key among them includes a combined recognition of the need to come up with a specialized Runway Safety Teams. The need to synchronize key definitions, taxonomies, and safety indicators used in the runway safety was imminent in this meeting. There was also a need to standardize and enhance communication measures not only within the runways but also around the runways. Runways are no doubt an important component of an airport without which no essential aviation operations can take place (Richard de Neufville & Odoni, 2003). A number of aviation standards touch on the safety of the air and runways being such a vital element of the aviation it must always be put under check to ensure that unfortunate events do not happen on the runway at all cost. This need can be justified by the fact that ICAO has held a wide range meetings with various stakeholders aimed at promoting a safe runway. Runway operations has on a number of occasions been accountable for majority the aviation accidents and fatalities just a single source. For instance, in the last five years, of all the accidents reported to the ICAO one third of the case have been directly associated with runway

Pros and Cons of Police Gratuities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pros and Cons of Police Gratuities - Essay Example   According to Richard Kania, there are some particular situations where police officers should be encouraged to accept gratuities. He supports his opinion on the fact that individuals who offer police officers gratuities do so as rewards, but not with the intension of corrupting the police force (Barker 47). He also gives an example of a cook who offered him a free meal in exchange of frequent visits he made to his (cook) establishment. Police officers are routinely obligated to provide such services to the community, and they should not be rewarded at all for providing such services, however; the cook felt a sense of indebtedness to Kania for security services he offered, and the cook’s response was a personal one: a free meal (Barker 51). The problem he noted is that some of his colleagues when offered such gratuities will make it a routine to collect them on a daily basis. This turns out to be the beginning of corrupting the police system. Therefore, police gratuities th at are offered with the aim of rewarding the officers for hard work should be accepted, while those offered with the aim of corrupting the police system should not be accepted. Accepting gratuities is also a way of integrating fresh police officers into the police force system. John Kleinig notes that the issue of police corruption is highly emphasized during police training, therefore, officers who accept gratuities may feel that they are already corrupted, and there is no reason why they must not accept gratuities from the public.  

Assess Leadership Skills In An Organisation Management Essay

Assess Leadership Skills In An Organisation Management Essay There are seven traits through which we can assess the leadership style of an organization A leader should have an integrity, and must be a trust worthy person, so that people can rely on them, and because of this these people need a mentor, who will guide them towards their goals. A leader should be an optimistic person, because people doesnt want to follow a person always thinks negatively and ignore the positive part. A leader should be able to influence the change and should support the change, because if they dont accept the change, they might not grow. A leader should be able to take risks, because if they are not a risk taker, then they are not the leaders. A leader is a person who has clear a understanding of what can be achieved by taking a risk and how it might benefit their follower and prepare them for better tomorrow. A leader should be tenacious, i.e. they should not give up and keep on trying unless they reach their goals. A leader should be able to motivate others, and keep them moving towards the achievement of their desired goals. A leader should be dedicated and committed towards the achievement of their goals.  [1]   REVIEW THE LEADERSHIP IN BA AND TESCO From my observations of Tesco is using participative leadership style and their principal style as a participative leader appeared to be consultative in approach where most decisions were conferred with team members before final decisions were being made by them. As a result, maintaining lines of open communication within Tesco created an environment of warmth, friendliness, trust and emotional support and this communication and developing relationship with followers is considered as an effective leadership However, on the other side BA leadership style was also consultative, but it was not always consultative. There were times where his style did appear to change, and the reason might be lack of self awareness, motivation, empathy and emotional inteligence. These circumstances were mainly apparent when dealing with other leaders (consensus) and members of his team that were perceived to be lacking in motivation (authoritarian). Although, Johnson and Scholes, point out in their book of corporate governance that this approach is relevant to the leaders who has a lot of experience, common sense and emotional intelligence to be effective leader. FUTURE REQUIREMENTS OF LEADERSHIP The 21st century the leaders should be creative and innovative, because new ideas can bring success to the organization, and therefore it should be the mission of every leader should to look for innovative ideas regularly, which is completely new than that of an organization which is currently committed to. These innovative ideas come from having deeper understanding of customers and market, and they go beyond the customers expectations and fulfill their needs. According to Gratton, there are four future requirements of leadership which could be useful for New-Line GenX. Dream Collectively: The future leaders should allow people to work interdependently but it has to be within the companys general framework and identify a work and co-ordinate the major themes for action. Balance the short term with the longer term: The future leaders should build a vision for the future through the engages people and let them understand for the future role Value people: The future leaders should treat people with respect and allow them to put forward their ideas and obtained trust and make sure that their ideas will be valued and they can make a difference Understand of the reality of the organization: The future leaders should build a model of the organization that is of high level trust, inspiration, and commitment; develop an understanding of process of fairness and justice and recognise the workforces perception of consistency, integrity and pride  [2]  . Moreover, future leadership will have to learn an entirely new skills and competency skills. Generate and Sustain trust: Trust is powerful and ingredients of competencies, fairness, caring constancy and authenticity, these all are valuable for the future requirements of leadership and management for New-Line GenX. Intimate allies: The future leaders needs to create respect, dignity and culture improvised. Power of Appreciation: The future leaders needs to appreciation good work done by the employees and this is powerful motivator to take challenge by the employees for the new adventures. What is important: The future leaders should remind people of what is important for the organisation and value to work and collective focused strategy of the company. It is therefore, the above points need to be considered by New-Line GenX for the future requirements of leadership and management. TASK V DEVELOP A PLAN WHICH WOULD SUITABLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEADERSHIP SKILLS IN YOUR CHOSEN ENVIRONMENT It is absolute necessary to make team work in order to improve operational procedures and efficiency in the operations of Tesco and BA. Leadership required personal strength to motivate all the employees together. Thus, Tesco and BA have required to an act together in all department such as warehouse, web-design, sales, back-office, company senior management, marketing and other functions etc. Leaders need to motivate and equally inspire all the employees by using equal amounts of extrinsic and intrinsic techniques. In addition, leader needs to make sure that different people can take different amounts of each extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. However, experience is most significant qualities to direct participation in all activities of the organization  [3]  . It is advisable to both companies to be presented the board of management that the four many type of leadership style can be beneficial for them. To be a great leader the author think that you have to have many qualities, the most important of which are charisma, motivation, experience and most of all fantastic communication skills. It is therefore, it has advisable to both the companies consider to focus on New Leadership Theories rather than old traditional theories such as Fielders Contingency and Path-Goal Leadership Theory. Managers need to develop a business by facing the challenges, involve all the employees in decision making process and taking risk if needed. DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL SKILLS First of all there should be the clear understanding of qualities required for an effective leaders, and these qualities are Enthusiasm : A leader should be able to get things done, which they can communicate to other people. Confidence : A leader should believe in themselves, as this can be sensed by other people. Toughness : A leader should be resilient, tenacious, and demanding high standards. Integrity : A leader should have personal wholeness, soundness, and honesty, which can inspire trust. Warmth : A leader should be in personal relationship, caring for people and being considerate. Humility : A leader should be willingness to listen and take the blame; not being arrogant and overbearing. In addition to all of the above quality, a leader should also be motivational, and should also posses high level of emotional intelligence. There are various methods used to develop leadership skill The first thing to do as a leader is to ask for the feedback from their team, on what they think about their leadership style. They should listen carefully to their team members about their work related worries, because it is said that great leaders are great listeners. A leader should take complete responsibility of how they are being heard, and their message to their team should be clearly understood by their team members. The most important part of developing leadership skill is to learn to respect their teams hard work. A leader should lead their team with an integrity. A leader should involve their team members and distribute the task among their team depending on the situation and individual capabilities. Finally a leader should focus on developing their skills, and this will enable them to improve motivation as well as team performance.  [4]   CONCLUSION After researching on this assignment I would like to conclude that leadership plays an important role in the development of an organization. I also found that both the organizations Tesco and British Airways has a great leadership styles, whereby Tesco is using participative leadership style, through which it had created an environment of warmth, friendliness, trust and emotional support under the leadership of Sir Terry Leahy, Chief Executive of Tesco, the company has experienced enormous growth and is one of the largest supermarket in the UK. Whereas on the other side the leadership of British Airways was also consultative, but kept on changing. But finally I would say that both of these organization should keep on developing their skills and acquiring new skills that will enable them to compete in this fast pace of global economic climate. I am also sure that, if the directors of New-Line GenX follow the leadership theory and implement them in their organization, will enable them to have a better future of New-Line GenX.

The Crystal Palace Essay -- essays papers

The Crystal Palace During the 1800’s Great Britain’s empire stretched around the world, and with raw materials easily available to them this way, they inevitably began refining and manufacturing all stages of many new machines and other goods, distributing locally and globally. However, despite being the central ‘workshop of the world,’ Britain was not producing the highest quality of merchandise. When comparing factory-made products made in England to surrounding countries, most notably France, those products could not compare as far as craftsmanship and sometimes, simply innovation. It was suggested by Prince Albert that England host a sort of free-for-all technological exposition to bring in outside crafts into the country and also show their national pride. These planners supported free trade, thinking that if local business was exposed to foreign-made goods, they could incorporate those new ideas into their own goods, increasing their worth. Though originally intending to invite only neighboring countries to this exposition, the plan soon escalated to include the global environment. As organization and sponsorship was planned out, the matter of where to host such a large and ongoing event arose. Ideally, it was to take place in London, to sort of show off the best of the country and impress in-coming visitors. The problem was that London was already built up and filled in, and little open space remained for the needed time period. It was decided soon that a portio...

Biography of William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Essay

In the mid-sixteenth century, William Shakespeare’s father, John Shakespeare, moved to the idyllic town of Stratford-upon-Avon. There, he became a successful landowner, moneylender, glove-maker, and dealer of wool and agricultural goods. In 1557, he married Mary Arden. John Shakespeare lived during a time when the middle class was expanding in both size and wealth, allowing its members more freedoms and luxuries as well as a louder voice in local government. He took advantage of the change in times and in 1557 became a member of the Stratford Council. This event marked the beginning of his illustrious political career. By 1561, he was elected one of the town’s fourteen burgesses and subsequently served successively as constable, one of two chamberlains, and alderman. In these positions, he administered borough property and revenues. In 1567, he became bailiff—the highest elected office in Stratford and the equivalent of a modern-day mayor. Town records indicate that William Shakespeare was John and Mary’s third child. His birth is unregistered, but legend pins it on April 23, 1564, possibly because it is known that April 23 is the day on which he died 52 years later. In any event, his baptism was registered with the town on April 26, 1564. Little is known about his childhood, although it is generally assumed that he attended the local grammar school, the King’s New School. The school was staffed by Oxford-educated faculty who taught the students mathematics, natural sciences, logic, Christian ethics, and classical language and literature. Shakespeare did not attend university, which was not at all unusual for the time. University education was reserved for wealthy sons of the elite, mostly those who wanted to become clergymen. The numerous classical and literary references in Shakespeare’s plays are a testament, however, to the excellent education he received in grammar school (and to his ability as an autodidact). His early plays in particular draw on the works of Seneca and Plautus. Even more impressive than his formal education is the wealth of general knowledge exhibited in his works. His vocabulary exceeds that of any other English writer by a wide margin. In 1582, at the age of eighteen, William Shakespeare married the twenty-six-year-old Anne Hathaway. Their first daughter, Susanna, was baptized only six months later—a fact that has given rise to speculation concerning the circumstances surrounding their marriage. In 1585, Anne bore twins, baptized Hamnet and Judith Shakespeare. Hamnet died at the age of eleven, by which time Shakespeare was already a successful playwright. Around 1589, Shakespeare wrote his supposed first play, Henry VI, Part 1. Sometime between his marriage and writing this play, he moved to London, where he pursued a career as a playwright and actor. Although many records of Shakespeare’s life as a citizen of Stratford—including marriage and birth certificates—have survived, very little information exists about his life as a young playwright. Legend characterizes Shakespeare as a roguish young man who was once forced to flee London under suspect circumstances perhaps having to do with his love life. But the little written information we have of his early years does not necessarily confirm this characterization. In any case, young Will was not an immediate and universal success. The earliest written record of Shakespeare’s life in London comes from a statement by the rival playwright Robert Greene. In his Groatsworth of Witte (1592), Greene calls Shakespeare an â€Å"upstart crow†¦ [who] supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse as the best of you. † While this is hardly high praise, it does suggest that Shakespeare rattled the London theatrical hierarchy even at the beginning of his career. It is natural, in retrospect, to attribute Greene’s complaint to jealousy of Shakespeare’s ability, but of course we can’t be sure. With Richard III, Henry VI, The Comedy of Errors, and Titus Andronicus under his belt, Shakespeare was a popular playwright by 1590. * The year 1593, however, marked a major leap forward in his career. By the end of that year, he secured a prominent patron in the Earl of Southampton and his Venus and Adonis was published. It remains one of the first of his known works to be printed and was a huge success. Next came The Rape of Lucrece. Shakespeare had also made his mark as a poet and most scholars agree that the majority of Shakespeare’s sonnets were probably written in the 1590s. In 1594, Shakespeare returned to the theater and became a charter member of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men—a group of actors who changed their name to the King’s Men when James I ascended to the throne. By 1598, he was the â€Å"principal comedian† for the troupe; by 1603, he was â€Å"principal tragedian. † He remained associated with the organization until his death. Although acting and playwriting were not considered noble professions at the time, successful and prosperous actors were relatively well respected. Shakespeare’s success left him with a fair amount of money, which he  invested in Stratford real estate. In 1597, he purchased the second largest house in Stratford—the New Place—for his parents. In 1596, Shakespeare applied for a coat of arms for his family, in effect making himself a gentleman. Consequently, his daughters made â€Å"good matches,† marrying wealthy men. The same year that he joined the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet, along with Love’s Labour’s Lost, The Taming of the Shrew, and several other plays. Two of his greatest tragedies, Hamlet and Julius Caesar, followed around 1600. Hamlet is widely considered the first modern play for its multi-faceted main character and unprecedented depiction of his psyche. The first decade of the seventeenth century witnessed the debut performances of many of Shakespeare’s most celebrated works, including many of his so-called history plays: Othello in 1604 or 1605, Antony and Cleopatra in 1606 or 1607, and King Lear in 1608. The last play of his to be performed was probably King Henry VIII in either 1612 or 1613. William Shakespeare lived until 1616. His wife Anna died in 1623 at the age of 67. He was buried in the chancel of his church at Stratford. The lines above his tomb—allegedly written by Shakespeare himself—read: Good friend, for Jesus’ sake forbear To dig the dust enclosed here. Blessed be the man that spares these stones And cursed be he that moves my bones. *The dates of composition and performance of almost all of Shakespeare’s plays remain uncertain. The dates used in this note are widely agreed upon by scholars, but there is still significant debate around when and where he wrote most of his plays.

Research Paper the Maltese Falcon: Existentialism Essay

Dashiell Hammett, father of the American hard-boiled genre, is widely known for producing a suffocating world of realism in his works (â€Å"Hard-boiled fiction†). According to Paul Abraham’s â€Å"On re-reading The Maltese Falcon,† the realistic atmosphere of Hammett’s third novel is reactionary to the post-war turmoil in which the work was born (97). This provides the ideal foundation for subtle philosophical concepts of existentialism such as, quests for truth, self identification, and the significance of existence to build throughout the novel. Richard Layman, in his critical review of Hammett’s novel (also titled The Maltese Falcon), proposes that the philosophies of Hammett’s generation can be found within the text of his novel (71). Hammett conveys an existential theme in his work The Maltese Falcon through his use of themes of inquiry and self absorbed characters as well as his Flitcraft parable. Existentialism, in a simple form, is a philosophy concerning existence and its significance. Layman asserts that â€Å"[existentialism] had its roots in the mid-nineteenth century and flourished in the United States from the 1930s until the 1960s† (71). According to the web-article â€Å"World War I† from the New World Encyclopedia, subsequent to the Great War, â€Å"the optimism for world peace of the 1900s was entirely gone. † Therefore, without the blinders of social optimism, American society could question ideas such as, the occurrence of mass destruction in a â€Å"just† world and the significance of existence in such a world. Hammett’s firsthand experience with the existential crisis—caused by what the historical context from the website â€Å"The Maltese Falcon† presents as global wars, the Great Depression, and other struggles of the 1930s—leads Hammett to employ different techniques throughout his work, providing subtle allusions to existentialism. One method through which Hammett conveys existentialistic thought is through his themes of inquiry in The Maltese Falcon. The plot is centered on the continuous quest for an idolized icon—the Maltese falcon, a precious bejeweled bird. Hammett incorporates an ecclesiastical theme through this pursuit of an icon. The quest for their icon ultimately leads to the demise of the characters involved in its search. It steals the identity and climatically the life of the mob-boss Gutman. Brigid, the femme fatale, also loses in this pursuit, for she is left to the mercy of the law in the final pages. Whether death or imprisonment plagues the characters involved, the quest for an icon consumes their lives. Hammett illuminates the detrimental consequences of such quests through the aforementioned loss of identity, life, and freedom. This message is countered by the existentialistic denouncement of all icons. Existentialism provides a simple solution for such futile quests: lives are not wasted in the search of an icon. In pursuit of a precious icon, all characters lose themselves—a root of the existentialist crisis: loss of self, questioning of existence (â€Å"Existentialism†). Another theme of inquiry in Hammett’s novel deals with the constant search for the truth. Spade, the protagonist, is tormented by the ambiguity of truth throughout the novel. Spade is forced to discern lies from the truth within the first pages of the novel, where he meets Brigid, or rather â€Å"Miss Wonderly† as she is dubbed upon primary introduction. Brigid, notorious for her deceitful ways, confesses to Spade, once an invested relationship is established between the two: â€Å"I am a liar. I have always been a liar† (353). Layman observes that â€Å"the challenge for Spade in the book is to make up the rules as he goes along; to decide for himself, without outside guidance, what he believes and what he believes in† (71). These decisions shape Spade’s actions and help to define his character. Spade, concerning himself â€Å"with the quest for relevance and authenticity,† as David Pickus writes in his expose on existentialism, is not the only character involved in the search for truth (17). Brigid, Gutman, Cairo, and Wilmer are forced to come to terms with the quest for truth and authenticity when it is discovered their falcon is a mere fabrication of the true Maltese falcon. After shaving the black enamel from the base of the falcon Gutman exclaims â€Å"it’s a fake. † Gutman reacts with his â€Å"breath [hissing] between his teeth† and â€Å"his face [becoming] turgid with hot blood† (430). This is representative of the anger Gutman possesses upon the realization of this on-going search for authenticity. Another method in which Hammett unveils existentialistic undertones is through his self-absorbed characters. Layman writes about Spade: â€Å"He is defining who he is. That is the simplest statement of the philosophy of existentialism†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (71). Spade relies solely on himself and often stretches the hands of the law. He undermines the police in order to prevent interference within his investigations, denouncing their authority. For example, when Dundy, a police officer tells Spade, â€Å"You’ve gotten away with this and you’ve gotten away with that, but you can’t keep it up forever. † Spade nonchalantly replies: â€Å"Stop me when you can† (341). The article from the Philosophy website, titled â€Å"Existentialism† states that â€Å"an existentialist believes that a person should be forced to choose and be responsible without the help of laws, ethnic rules, or traditions. † Spade epitomizes this idea with his actions throughout the novel. Brigid is another character who does not function within the realm of laws and rules; however, she is a less responsible character than Spade. Brigid’s efforts are invested into self-preservation. She continuously fights to stay one step ahead of everyone through creating a web of lies, which ultimately becomes a defining element of her character. Her deceitfulness and obsession with obtaining her desires without concern for consequence or reputation demonstrates her loss of self in pursuit of something worthless; she becomes nothing more than a wanton woman with no true identity. In addition to his characterization, Hammett also utilizes the Flitcraft parable as a means of conveying existentialistic thought. Martin Harris writes: â€Å"The Flitcraft parable has been examined closely by those who see the story providing an important key to Hammett’s feelings about the meaning (or lack thereof) of human existence† (241). The Flitcraft parable tells the story of a man who completely changed his life in consequence of one random event. Flitcraft, a satisfied family man, encountered a near death experience via a construction beam plummeting into his path. This event made him contemplate the randomness of life—there are no certainties. Spade tells Brigid: â€Å"[Flitcraft] felt like somebody had taken the lid off life and let him look at the works† (335). Flitcraft understood the uncertainty of life after this experience. With this epiphany Flitcraft began a new life; he took the randomness of life and incorporated it into his existence. Aware of mortality and the significance of one’s identity, Flitcraft exposed himself to an alternate life. While Flitcraft ultimately ended up settling back into his prior lifestyle, the afterglow of his near death experience permitted him to revel in existentialism, for according to the web-article â€Å"Existentialism† the search of self-being is a fundamental element of the existential philosophy. Whether it is through various themes, characters, or a well placed anecdote, the undertones of existentialism exist within the pages of Hammett’s novel. Hammett effectively incorporated themes from his era into his literature. In a time where the â€Å"spirit of optimism in society was destroyed,† Hammett acknowledged realism within the text of his art (â€Å"Existentialism†). While existentialism no longer has an intoxicating hold on modern society, it lives in the pages of influential authors. The Maltese Falcon’s subtle cues to such great philosophical ideas assist in the significance that Hammett’s works hold to this day. Works Cited Abrahams, Paul P. â€Å"On re-reading The Maltese Falcon. † Journal of American Culture 18. 1 (1995): 97-107. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 15 July 2010. Dooley, Dennis. Dashiell Hammett. New York: F. Ungar Pub. , 1984. Print. â€Å"Existentialism. † Philosophy. AllAboutPhilosophy. org, 2010. Web. 01 Aug. 2010. . Hammett, Dashiell. The Novels of Dashiell Hammett. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1965. Print. â€Å"Hard-boiled Fiction. † Encyclop? dia Britannica, 2010. Web. 30 July 2010. . Harris, Martin. â€Å"Hammett’s Flitcraft Parable, The Stepfather, and the Significance of Falling Beams. † Literature Film Quarterly 34. 3 (2006): 240-248. MLA International Bibliography. EBSCO. Web. 15 July 2010. Layman, Richard. The Maltese Falcon. Detroit: Gale Group, 2000. Print. â€Å"The Maltese Falcon. † The Big Read. National Endowment for the Arts, 2010. Web. 16 July 2010. . Metress, Christopher, ed. The Critical Response to Dashiell Hammett. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1994. Print. Pickus, David. â€Å"Paperback Authenticity: Walter Kaufmann and Existentialism. † Philosophy and Literature 34. 1 (2010): 17-31. Philosopher’s Index. EBSCO. Web. 31 July 2010. â€Å"World War I. † New World Encyclopedia. 09 May 2008. Web. 06 Aug. 2010.

African American women in goverment essays

African American women in goverment essays If we were to analyze the annals of history, we would discover and uncover so many interesting events that contribute to the Unites States of America, that we all call home today. Looking in the past and seeing Neil Armstrong take his first steps on the moon would tantalize our minds with discovery. Or watching with horror and disbelief as we see Japan sweep over Pearl Harbor. If we peered a little deeper, we would see that African-American women have been pioneers and trailblazers in our government. They have made outstanding accomplishments and broken through so many barriers. Women like Johnnie Gibson, Jane Bolin, and Carol Braun have made astonishing changes in our government and on how the world views African-American women. Jonnie Mae Gibson was the first African-American female undercover agent to work for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (McClure 1). Johnnie Gibson was born on March 1, 1979 in Caryville, Florida (McClure 2). Gibson grew up and received her early education in Florida (2). After graduating from high school, she continued her education and received an Associate degree in Nursing at Chipola Junior College in Marianna, Florida (2). In the year of 1968, Gibson earned her bachelors degree from Albany State College (2). She advanced even more in her studies and received her masters degree in education from Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia in 1976 (2). Gibson then started working for the police department in Albany, Georgia (McClure 2). She worked for Albany Police Department for three years and then she received news from the F.B.I. (2). After four to six months of background investigation, she was informed that she had two weeks to prepare before she went away to F.B.I. training in Quantico, Virginia (2). Gibson had a difficult decision to make, would she stay in Albany where she was comfortable or go somewhere where she knew life would not be so placid. Gibson prepared herself to ...